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It all started in Paris more than fifty years ago. The ThunderbirdFord ThunderbirdUnited States of America, 1954 > 200511 series
35 versions
105 photos
1 video
has included classic two-seaters, cherished roadsters, convertibles and four-door models, as well as exciting hardtops and sedans, more than 4 million of them. It featured the "square" look, the "projectile" look, the jet aircraft look and the luxury look. But the voyage wasn't always easy and this american classic came near to extinction but it was its uniqueness, its individuality and its innovations that secured it a place within the golden pages of automotive history.
After a visit to the Grand Palais in Paris in 1951, Ford executives Lewis D. Crusoe and George Walker knew they needed a sportier car and so for the next few months engineers worked on this new model.
When it was decided that the car was ready for launch there was still one thing missing, a name. A large amount of names were suggested, it has been said that almost 5,000 names were considered, like Beaver, Detroiter, El Tigre or Coronado. But Crusoe wasn't satisfied with any of them and even offered a new $250 suit to anyone who would surprise him with the right name. That person was a young Ford stylist named Aiden Giberson that among other names suggested the name Thunderbird. The name Thunderbird comes from the deserts of Arizona and New Mexico and according to Native American legends it was a divine helper of man.
And so the first two-seater ThunderbirdFord ThunderbirdUnited States of America, 1954 > present1 photo
made its public debut on February 20, 1954, at Detroit's first post-war auto show. In spite of collecting great reviews amongst specialists and clients, the flight of the original two-seater wouldn't last for long as it was quickly substituted by a regular four-seater variantFord ThunderbirdUnited States of America, 1958 > present3 photos
due to the reality of customer demand.
The Thunderbird concept came to life when Louis D. Crusoe and George Walker, both working for Ford, visited the Grand Palais in Paris in 1951. When they saw sportier models they knew Ford had to have something similar. When they returned to the US there was already a new model in the making.
Finally in 1954 the new-born Thunderbird was debuted at the Detroit Auto Show. It ended up being more of a personal car than a sports car and its luxurious features made it on of the best-selling models of its segment for years. The Thunderbird was an instant hit and received more than 3,500 orders just in the first 10-day selling period. Power came from a 292 Y-block V8 engine and it featured fender skirts.
Despite being a hit the model's volume of sales didn't grow as expected. This was related with the fact that a two-seater wasn't a suitable choice for families. Ford called it the end of an era. The second generation unveiled in 1958 was now a four-seater and was available as a two-door hardtop coupe or convertible. Motor Trend magazine named it Car of the Year. It was the first individual model to received the award.
In 1961 Ford launched the third generation of the T-bird with improved styling and was even featured in US President John F. Kennedy's inaugural parade. This series introduced innovations such as the acclaimed "Swing Away" steering wheel, a floating rear view mirror that is now common in all cars and optionals like white wall tires. During its 3-year run a total of 214,375 units were produced.
The Sports Roadster was launched in 1962 and it was a limited production series that offered 48 spoke wire wheels designed by Kelsey Hayes. The special edition also added special badges and a fiberglass tonneau cover that covered the back seat and gave the illusion of being in a two-seater. Elvis Presley was a proud owner of the Sports Roadster.
An established success the fourth generation of the Thunderbird was debuted in 1964. It now sported a more square look and was far from being a sports car as it needed 11 seconds to reach 60mph. The 1964 version was immortalized in Ridley Scott's movie Thelma and Louise, it was also featured in Francis Ford Coppola's 1983 The Outsiders and in David Lynch's Wild at Heart.
Due to the debut of a similar and cheaper sport coupe wannabe Ford Mustang in 1964, the brand was forced to move the Thunderbird upmarket. And so the fifth generation received the second major renovation, it was larger now more similar to Lincoln's cars. In 1968 a new V8 engine was introduced with a significant power boost.
In 1971 Ford launched T-bird's sixth generation, the biggest of the model. The platform used in this series was the same used in the Lincoln Continental MK IV. Also big was the engine, options went from a 7.0l or an optional 7.5l V8 unit. Their weight, dimensions and big engines translated into huge fuel consumption figures. When the oil crisis of 1973 came to the US manufactures were forced to be more efficient.
Considered the most popular series in Thunderbird history, the seventh generation came to life in 1977 and was produced until 1979. It was smaller, squarer and sharper and in 3 years sold 955,032 units. In 1978 Ford produced a Diamond Jubilee Edition to celebrate the company's 75th anniversary as a manufacturer and offered all of the available options at almost double the price.
The Thunderbird was once again downsized in 1980 with the introduction of the eighth generation. It weighed 363kg less than the previous series and was 432 mm shorter. Using a new platform translated into more efficient cars. However this generation didn't live up to the model's expectation as it wasn't well received by customers and so the sales started to drop significantly.
The ninth generation of the Thunderbird was launched in 1983 and revealed a more aerodynamic car. During this series Ford also launched the Turbo Coupe variant with sportier looks and features that included automatic ride control, anti-lock brakes and a intercooled turbocharged engine similar to the one used on the Mustang SVO.
The Thunderbird entered the 90's with a complete redesign work. It was once again more aerodynamic, a bit shorter than its predecessor and equiped with a 3.8l Essex OHV V6 engine. After heavy critics by Ford's management team, the 1991 version received an optional 4.9l Windsor V8 unit which produced 200hp. 1994 saw a few exterior updates and in 1996 the model was refreshed for the last time.
After a five-year hiatus the T-bird returned with a new Ford DEW platform and a retro style inspired by the early years of the model. This decision was based on the current trend of revivals that were going on like the New Beetle, the MINI Cooper and so on. Ford had big expectations for the new T-bird but the 25.000 unit-selling goal was never met. The sales dropped each year until production was called off.